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EBV encoded small RNA (EBER1) induced cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar assay. 293T cells (epithelial cell line), transfected with plasmid carrying Epstein-Barr Virus encoded RNA (EBER1) were plated on soft agar. Cell colonies visible to the naked eye developed within 3 weeks after plating the transfected cells, indicating that EBER1 promotes cell proliferation and tumour formation.

Gestation day 18 control embryo skeleton of the mouse double stained with alcian blue and alizarin red

Immunofluorescent staining to show the distribution of the inhibitory cells, which contain Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in the mouse brain.

A light microscope image of the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, after treatment with a novel compound isolated from a native medicinal plant of the Arabian Peninsula to test its anticancer potential. Note, the cells have started to round up, a feature of the activation of programmed cell death pathways.

Triple immunofluorescent staining of a section of the pancreas showing the distribution of insulin (green) and glucagon (blue) secreting cells in the Islet of Langerhans. The section was counterstained with Propidium Iodide (PI) to label the nuclei (red).

Inhibitory brain cells containing parvalbumin (green) expressing c-fos (red) in their nuclei as a marker of brain activation.

Fluorescent image showing Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in the cytoplasm of the sensory neurons (cells) of the dorsal root ganglion. This peptide is involved in the transmission of pain sensation from the periphery to the spinal cord and the brain. Many medical centers all over the world are trying now to treat patients who suffer from migraine headache with an injection of CGRP antibody.

A light microscope illustration of the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, a day before being treated with extracts made from indigenous medicinal plant species of the Arabian Peninsula to test their anticancer potential.

Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) is not detectible in the dorsal root ganglia. This image shows ATF3 (red) upregulation in the nuclei of both small neurons which contain Transient Receptor Potential Vanalloid (TRPV1, blue) which are responsible for heat sensation and large neurons (green,) which are responsible for touch and proprioceptive sensations in the dorsal root ganglion following sciatic nerve injury.

EBV encoded small RNA (EBER1) induced cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar assay. 293T cells (epithelial cell line), transfected with plasmid carrying Epstein-Barr Virus encoded RNA (EBER1) were plated on soft agar. Cell colonies visible to the naked eye developed within 3 weeks after plating the transfected cells, indicating that EBER1 promotes cell proliferation and tumour formation.

Image of a normal breast tissue sections with one of the mammary ducts resembling a snake in this longitudinal section of the duct. It is an integral quality of a good pathologist and researcher to have a little imagination to see what is there and sometimes to guess what happened in a tissue as we look at a frozen point in time of the fixed tissue under the microscopy.

Confocal laser image of a sagittal section of rat spinal cord showing that the activated phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK, green) in response to painful heat stimulus applied to the foot are not in the supporting cells; astrocytes (blue) or microglia (red).

Section of rat brain that underwent deep brain stimulation showing that activated cells (neurons) indicted black nuclei (right side) were suppressed by this kind treatment (left side) around the tip of the wire which was used to deliver the electrical current (yellow spot).

A confocal laser image of a transverse section of rat spinal cord showing the relationship of activated phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK, green) in response to painful heat stimulus applied to the foot and red-labeled nerves which are responsible for the transmission of pain sensation and blue labeled nerves which are responsible for the transmission of touch sensation.

Confocal laser image showing red large-sized neurons which are (responsible for transmission of mechanoreceptive and touch sensations) and green small-sized cells (responsible for the transmission of pain sensation). The image also shows whether these largely separate populations may also contain calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP, blue) as a chemical transmitter (messenger) for pain sensation.

Control mandible of the mouse

Metastatic gastric carcinoma in the ovary.This tumor was part of an experiment assessing In Vitro Antitumor Activities of the Pi3K Inhibitor GSK2126458. Other tumors tested e.g. Breast carcinoma showed apoptotic changes with drug exposure. This tumor was resistant as evident in the image demonstrating cords and single viable tumor cells with a signet ring morphology characteristic of poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma

Different views of the mouse mammary epithelial cell line, HC11, before being differentiated using lactogenic hormones. The images were captured using a personal mobile phone placed outside the eye piece; hence, giving the surreal effect of the growing cells on a plate resembling a planet in outer space!

Epstein Barr virus-infected cells can transfer viral components to neighbouring cells via nano-vesicles called exosomes. Left image, 293T cells exposed to PKH67-PBS (negative control). Right image, 293T cells exposed to PKH67 labelled EBV exosomes. Strong punctate cytoplasmic staining can be seen in 293T cells exposed to EBV exosomes. DAP1 was used as nuclear counter stain (blue) and slides were examined by fluorescence microscopy.